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The Republican Spelling System (in Indonesian: ejaan republik, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Republik, when written in this spelling system) or Soewandi Spelling (in Indonesian: ejaan Suwandi, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Suwandi, when written in this spelling system) was the orthography used for Indonesian from 17 March 1947 until 1972.
It restored the term "Perfected Spelling of the Indonesian Language" (Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan). Like the previous update, it also introduced minor changes: among others, it introduced the monophthong eu [ ɘ ] , mostly used in loanwords from Acehnese and Sundanese , reaffirming the use of optional diacritics ê [ ə ] , and ...
For the most part, the changes made in the reform are still used today. This system uses the Latin alphabet and in Malaysia is called Joint Rumi Spelling (Malay: Ejaan Rumi Bersama, ERB), and in Indonesia Perfect Spelling or Enhanced Spelling (Indonesian: Ejaan yang Disempurnakan, EYD).
Prof. Charles Adriaan van Ophuijsen [nl; id], who devised the orthography, was a Dutch linguist.He was a former inspector in a school at Bukittinggi, West Sumatra in the 1890s, before he became a professor of the Malay language at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
Tan Sri Zainal Abidin bin Ahmad (Jawi: زين العابدين بن أحمد; 16 September 1895 – 23 October 1973) [1] or better known by the moniker Za'aba (alternatively spelled Za'ba, Jawi: زاءبا), was a Malaysian writer and linguist.
The Malay alphabet has a phonemic orthography; words are spelled the way they are pronounced, with a notable defectiveness: /ə/ and /e/ are both written as E/e.The names of the letters, however, differ between Indonesia and rest of the Malay-speaking countries; while Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore follow the letter names of the English alphabet, Indonesia largely follows the letter names of ...
The Indonesian government later began changing Indonesian spelling to harmonize it with the spelling used for Malay in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, [3] first under the Ejaan Suwandi introduced in 1947, and again under Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan (lit. ' perfected spelling ') adopted in 1972. Modifications were identified in this updated ...
Proto-Malayic is the language believed to have existed in prehistoric times, spoken by the early Austronesian settlers in the region. Its ancestor, the Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language that derived from Proto-Austronesian, began to break up by at least 2000 BCE as a result possibly by the southward expansion of Austronesian peoples into the Philippines, Borneo, Maluku and Sulawesi from the ...