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Varma Kalai (Tamil: varmakkalai, Malayalam and Sanskrit: marma-vidya/marmam) is an Indian traditional art of pressure points.It combines massage, alternative medicine, traditional yoga and martial arts [1] in which the body's pressure points (varmam) are manipulated to heal or cause harm.
Aspects of the historical Vedic religion still continue in modern times. For instance, the Nambudiri Brahmins continue the ancient Śrauta rituals, and the complex Vedic rituals of Śrauta are practiced in Kerala and coastal Andhra. [68] The Kalash people residing in northwest Pakistan also continue to practice a form of the ancient Vedic religion.
Nattuvaidyam was a set of indigenous medical practices that existed in India before the advent of allopathic or western medicine. [38] These practices had different sets of principles and ideas of the body, health and disease. There were overlaps and borrowing of ideas, medicinal compounds used and techniques within these practices. [39]
Herbal medicine in India is largely guided by folk medicine, both in codified cultural practices shared widely (Ayurveda, [5] Siddha, Unani), and highly localized practices unique to individual tribes or tribal groups . Between 3,000 [6] and 5,000 [7] species of medicinal plants grow in India with roughly 1,000 threatened with extinction. [7]
Physical fitness was prized in traditional Hindu thought, with cultivation of the body (dehvada) seen as one path to full self-realization. [2] [3] Buddhist universities such as Nalanda taught various forms of physical culture, such as swimming and archery, [4] with Buddha himself having been well-acquainted with martial activities prior to his enlightenment. [5]
His book, Rasaratanakaram is a known example of ancient Indian medicine, in which he describes the procedure of transmuting base metals like mercury, into gold. Due to his contributions and insight in chemistry, he was appointed as chancellor in the university of Nalanda. [ 6 ]
Exposure to European developments in medicine from the nineteenth century onwards, through European colonization of India and the subsequent institutionalized support for European forms of medicine amongst European heritage settlers in India [79] were challenging to ayurveda, with the entire epistemology called into question.
The Indian subcontinent. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient India: . Ancient India is the Indian subcontinent from prehistoric times to the start of Medieval India, which is typically dated (when the term is still used) to the end of the Gupta Empire around 500 CE. [1]