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A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the MTP joint connecting the big toe to the foot. [2] The big toe often bends towards the other toes and the joint becomes red and painful. [2] The onset of bunions is typically gradual. [2] Complications may include bursitis or arthritis. [2] The exact cause is unclear. [1]
Tailor's bunion, also known as digitus quintus varus or bunionette, is a condition caused as a result of inflammation of the fifth metatarsal bone at the base of the little toe. [1] It is usually characterized by inflammation, pain and redness of the little toe. Often a tailor's bunion is caused by a faulty mechanical structure of the foot.
Podiatry (/ p oʊ ˈ d aɪ. ə t r i / poh-DY-ə-tree), or podiatric medicine and surgery (/ ˌ p oʊ d i ˈ æ t r ɪ k, p oʊ ˈ d aɪ. ə t r ɪ k / POH-dee-AT-rik, poh-DY-ə-trik), is a branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle and lower limb.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome; Other names: Patellar overload syndrome, runner's knee, [1] retropatellar pain syndrome [1] Diagram of the bones of the lower extremity. Rough distribution of areas affected by PFPS highlighted in red: patella and distal femur.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. [5] [6] It is believed to be the fourth leading cause of disability in the world, affecting 1 in 7 adults in the United States alone. [7]
Clubfoot is a congenital or acquired defect where one or both feet are rotated inward and downward. [1] [2] Congenital clubfoot is the most common congenital malformation of the foot with an incidence of 1 per 1000 births. [5]
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. [1] It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. [1] Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. [1]
A finger contracture caused by Dupuytren's contracture.. Muscle contractures can occur for many reasons, such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, and forms of muscular dystrophy.