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The magnitude of the exhaust scavenging effect is a direct function of the velocity of the high and medium pressure components of the exhaust pulse. Performance headers work to increase the exhaust velocity as much as possible. One technique is tuned-length primary tubes.
Locations where exhaust pipes from individual cylinders merge are called "collectors". The diameters of the exhaust system are designed to minimise back-pressure by optimising the gas velocity. Extractors/headers usually have equal length pipes for each cylinder, whereas a more basic exhaust manifold may have unequal length pipes.
The stinger's length and inside diameter are based on 0.59 to 0.63x the header pipe diameter and its length is equal to 12 times its diameter, depending on the results to be achieved. In a well designed tuned exhaust system, the total increase in pressure is in any case much less than the one produced by a muffler.
This design results in a header that is more efficient at scavenging the exhaust from the cylinders. Headers are generally circular steel tubing with bends and folds calculated to make the paths from each cylinder's exhaust port to the common outlet all equal length and joined at narrow angles to encourage pressure waves to flow through the ...
That is, any time a change occurs in the cylinder – whether positive or negative – such as when the piston reaches maximum speed. This point occurs at different points depending on the length of the connecting rod and the throw of the crank, and varies with the connecting rod ratio (rod/stroke). For normal automotive design this point is ...
The word poppet shares etymology with "puppet": it is from the Middle English popet ("youth" or "doll"), from Middle French poupette, which is a diminutive of poupée.The use of the word poppet to describe a valve comes from the same word applied to marionettes, which, like the poppet valve, move bodily in response to remote motion transmitted linearly.
Pontiac's V8s share the same 6.625 in (168.3 mm) connecting rod length, with the exceptions of the later short deck 301, 265, and 303 Ram Air V. Most Pontiac V8s had an overall length (to the edge of the water pump pulley) of 28.25 in (718 mm), an overall width of 27 in (690 mm), and a height (not including air cleaner) of 31 in (790 mm).
Induction came by means of a cross-ram intake manifold tuned for peak power above 4000 rpm and two Carter AFB-3447SA 4-barrel carburetors. The Max Wedge also included high-flow cast-iron exhaust manifolds that, on the later versions, resembled steel tube headers. The Max Wedge was factory rated at 415 or 425 bhp (309 or 317 kW) (depending on ...