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The Code assigns three categories for ships depending on the operational conditions that the ship will face: Category A for ships designed to operate in polar waters with at least medium first-year ice (0.7 to 1.2 metres (28 to 47 in) thick), which may include old (multi-year) ice inclusions; Category B for ships not included in Category A and ...
Jeffrey Sprecher was a power plant developer who spotted a need for a seamless market in natural gas used to fuel power stations. [2] In the late 1990s, Sprecher acquired Continental Power Exchange, Inc. with the objective of developing an Internet-based platform to provide a more transparent and efficient market structure for over-the-counter energy commodity trading.
ICES Insight is an annual publication that offers more in-depth articles exploring subjects that feature prominently in ICES work. ICES Annual Reports recap ICES annual activities and scientific network. ICES Inside Out is a regularly appearing electronic newsletter that updates subscribers on the activities of ICES and its secretariat.
The International Chamber of Shipping is one of the world's principal shipping organisations, representing around 80% [2] of the world's merchant tonnage through membership by national shipowners' associations. [1] It is concerned with maritime regulatory, operational and legal issues. [1] Its membership includes over 40 national shipowner ...
Ice used to be chipped off natural sources like glaciers, but that changed with the advent of machines able to mass-produce for bars and restaurants, or to manufacture the bags of cubes that lurk ...
One of the varieties of ice navigation vessels are double-acting ships. To move through the ice, they use the combined effect of the ice-breaking shape of the ship's stern and the effect of the propellers on the ice. [14] These vessels may have the usual bulbous bow and may be capable of moving in ice only astern. Since ice sailing astern also ...
Ice navigation occurs wherever a waterborne vessel transits through sea ice.One of the more common regions for ice navigation is the Baltic Sea, where vessels visiting the Baltic States will make their way through first year ice in the winter months, often with an icebreaker, or with ice reports, charts and data provided by meteorological offices.
The U.S. Shipping Act, was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on March 20, 1984. [1] [2] The purpose of the Act was to: (1) establish a nondiscriminatory regulatory process for the common carriage of goods by water in the foreign commerce of the United States with a minimum of government intervention and regulatory costs; (2) provide an efficient and economic transportation system in ...