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Most antennas boresight axis is fixed by their shape and cannot be changed. However phased array antennas can electronically steer the beam, changing the angle of the boresight by shifting the relative phase of the radio waves emitted by different antenna elements, and even radiate beams in multiple directions (multiple boresights). [1]
They also feature a very wide detection angle, so the attacking aircraft does not have to be pointing straight at the target for the missile to lock on. The pilot can use a helmet mounted sight (HMS) and target another aircraft by looking at it, and then firing. This is called "off-boresight" launch.
The half-power point is the angle off boresight at which the antenna gain first falls to half power (approximately −3 dB) [a] from the peak. The angle between the −3 dB points is known as the half-power beam width (or simply beam width). [4] Beamwidth is usually but not always expressed in degrees and for the horizontal plane.
Newer models of the AIM-9 sought to increase the range that the seeker head's gimbal can turn, allowing the missile to track aircraft at greater angles from its direct line of sight, or boresight. Models such as the AIM-9L, AIM-9M, and AIM-9X feature high off-boresight capabilities, meaning they are able to track targets at high seeker gimbal ...
R-73 - Standard model with ±40° off-boresight. R-73E - Export version of the standard model with ±45° off-boresight. The missile has a maximum range of 30 kilometres (19 mi) with 8 kg warhead. [2] R-73M - Improved model featuring gate width IRCCM and ±60° off-boresight. R-74 (izdeliye 740) - Improved model with ±60° off-boresight.
Consider, for example, a two element array spaced apart by one-half the wavelength of an incoming RF wave. If a wave is incident upon the array at boresight, it will arrive at each antenna simultaneously. This will yield 0° phase-difference measured between the two antenna elements, equivalent to a 0° AoA.
Boresight may refer to: Antenna boresight, the optical axis of a directional antenna; Boresight (firearm), adjustments made to an optical sight, to align the barrel of a firearm with the sights; Boresight point, also known as gun harmonisation, the alignment of weapons in an aircraft; Project Boresight, a US radio direction finding system
This gives rise the concepts of instantaneous field of view (IFOV) which is the angle the detector sees, and the overall field of view, also known as the tacking angle or off-boresight capability, which includes the movement of the entire seeker assembly.