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The front wing has small stigma. When closed, the bee's short mandibles conceal the labrum. The clypeus is flat. [3] Males of many species have much larger eyes than the females, which relates to their mating behavior. In the United States, two eastern species, Xylocopa virginica and X. micans, occur.
Xylocopa pubescens is a species of large carpenter bee.Females form nests by excavation with their mandibles, often in dead or soft wood. X. pubescens is commonly found in areas extending from India to Northeast and West Africa.
Large carpenter bee, female (Apidae, Xylocopa mexicanorum (Cockerell)) USA, TX, Travis Co.: Austin Brackenridge Field Laboratory 30.28°N 97.77°W 130m 31°C aerial River trail, open path near river 21.VII.2016 A. Santillana coll. #ASF675 det. J.L. Neff 2017: Date: 14 July 2017, 10:16: Source
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The heaviest of this widespread, varied complex of insects is the Little Barrier Island giant weta, Deinacrida heteracantha, of New Zealand; one specimen weighed 71 g (2.5 oz) and measured nearly 10 cm (3.9 in), [2] giving it one of the largest insect weights ever known. These heavyweight insects can be over 9 cm (3.5 in) long.
Female X. virginica. The bee is similar in size to bumblebees, but has a glossy, mostly black body with a slight metallic purple tint. [4] X. virginica males and females have generally the same mass, but can be differentiated visually by the male's longer body and the female's wider head.
With more than 271,000 colonies, Texas now has the third-most colonies in the country, sitting behind California, with more than 1.3 million colonies, and Florida, which has about 318,900 colonies.
There are reports of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, having negative effects on X. californica populations. The carpenter bees are attracted to the floral scents of the honey produced by the honey bees; X. californica may come near or inside their hives and get attacked by the hive resulting in the death of the carpenter bee. [16]