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A large number of Indian Standard (IS) codes are available that are meant for virtually every aspect of civil engineering one can think of. During one's professional life one normally uses only a handful of them depending on the nature of work they are involved in. Civil engineers engaged in construction activities of large projects usually have to refer to a good number of IS codes as such ...
The 16 Divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat, is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada.
Tata Motors along with collaboration of DRDO developed the Kestrel, an Infantry Protected Mobility Vehicle (IPMV), a variants of the WhAP for optimised survivability, all-terrain performance and increased lethality. [7] Tata Motors developed another vehicle called LAMV with technical inputs from Supacat of the UK based on WhAP platform. [7] [8]
Codes regulate the design and construction of structures where adopted into law. Examples of building codes began in ancient times. [3] In the USA the main codes are the International Building Code or International Residential Code [IBC/IRC], electrical codes and plumbing, mechanical codes.
Site plans are often prepared by a design consultant who must be either a licensed engineer, architect, landscape architect or land surveyor". [3] Site plans include site analysis, building elements, and planning of various types including transportation and urban. An example of a site plan is the plan for Indianapolis [4] by Alexander Ralston ...
It has almost entirely been superseded by digital computer-aided construction drawings. The term blueprint continues to be used informally to refer to any floor plan [2] (and by analogy, any type of plan). [3] [4] Practising engineers, architects, and drafters often call them "drawings", "prints", or "plans". [5]
In the building and construction industry, until 25–30 years old, prescriptive codes, regulations and standards made innovation and change difficult and costly to implement, and created technical restrictions to trade. These concerns have been the major drivers towards the use of a Performance Based approach to codes, regulations and standards.
The construction documents, specifically the technical specifications, require the contractor to submit product data, samples, and shop drawings to the architect and engineer for approval. This is one of the first steps that is taken by the contractor after execution of the construction contract and issuance of the "Notice to Proceed".