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The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was the official criminal code in the Republic of India, inherited from British India after independence, until it was repealed and replaced by Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) in December 2023, which came into effect on 1 July 2024.
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) (IAST: Bhāratīya Nyāya Saṃhitā; lit. ' Indian Justice Code ') is the official criminal code in India.It came into effect on 1 July 2024 after being passed by the parliament in December 2023 to replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
Arnesh Kumar Guidelines or Arnesh Kumar vs State of Bihar (2014) is a landmark judgement of the Indian Supreme Court, [1] [2] stating arrests should be an exception, in cases where the punishment is less than seven years of imprisonment. [3]
The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 (popularly known as Nirbhaya Act) is an Indian legislation passed by the Lok Sabha on 19 March 2013, and by the Rajya Sabha on 21 March 2013, which provides for amendment of Indian Penal Code, Indian Evidence Act, and Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 on laws related to sexual offences.
The Indian Penal Code, 1861 was passed by the British parliament. The CrPC was created for the first time ever in 1882 and then amended in 1898, then according to the 41st Law Commission report in 1973.
Capital punishment in India is the highest legal penalty for crimes under the country's main substantive penal legislation, the Bharathiya Nyaya Sanhitha (formerly Indian Penal Code), as well as other laws. Executions are carried out by hanging as the primary method of execution per Section 354(5) of the Criminal Code of Procedure, 1973 is ...
Naz Foundation (2013): [19] Upheld and reinstated the Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code criminalising Anal sex: This judgement thus overruled Naz Foundation v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi (2009): [20] Decriminalization of homosexual acts involving consenting adults throughout India. Deepika Singh v. Central Administrative Tribunal [21] 2022
However, due to legal loopholes, the levels of punishments being less (compared to those of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC)), and the law and order machinery being neither professionally trained nor socially inclined to implement such social legislation, a more comprehensive deterrent Act was required to protect the scheduled communities from ...