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Most monosaccharides have the formula (CH 2 O) x (though not all molecules with this formula are monosaccharides). Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), and galactose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides (such as sucrose, lactose and maltose) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and ...
A triose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar, containing three carbon atoms. There are only three possible trioses: the two enantiomers of glyceraldehyde, which are aldoses; and dihydroxyacetone, a ketose which is symmetrical and therefore has no enantiomers. [1] Trioses are important in cellular respiration.
The table shows all aldoses with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and a few ketoses. For chiral molecules, only the ' D-' form (with the next-to-last hydroxyl on the right side) is shown; the corresponding forms have mirror-image structures. Some of these monosaccharides are only synthetically prepared in the laboratory and not found in nature.
Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and is therefore an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) as well as ring (cyclic) form. Glucose is naturally occurring and is found in its free state in fruits and other parts of plants.
Fructose (/ ˈ f r ʌ k t oʊ s,-oʊ z /), or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed by the gut directly into the blood of the portal vein during digestion.
In chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with six carbon atoms. [1] [2] The chemical formula for all hexoses is C 6 H 12 O 6, and their molecular weight is 180.156 g/mol. [3] Hexoses exist in two forms, open-chain or cyclic, that easily convert into each other in aqueous solutions. [4]
Glyceraldehyde (glyceral) is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C 3 H 6 O 3. It is the simplest of all common aldoses . It is a sweet , colorless, crystalline solid that is an intermediate compound in carbohydrate metabolism .
The Symbol Nomenclature For Glycans (SNFG) [1] is a community-curated standard for the depiction of simple monosaccharides and complex carbohydrates using various colored-coded, geometric shapes, along with defined text additions. [2] [3] It is hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the NCBI-Glycans Page. [4]