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  2. Optical mineralogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_mineralogy

    In cross-polarized light on left, plane-polarized light on right. The microscope employed is usually one which is provided with a rotating stage beneath which there is a polarizer, while above the objective or eyepiece an analyzer is mounted; alternatively the stage may be fixed, and the polarizing and analyzing prisms may be capable of ...

  3. S-type granite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-type_granite

    In plane polarized light (PPL, Fig. 3a) the mineral biotite is light brown to "foxy" red brown with dark circular spots known as “pleochroic halos”. Muscovite is clear and sillimanite is the more acicular-fibrous mineral within the dark zone of the image. In cross polarized light (Fig. 3b) muscovite displays colorful birefringence and ...

  4. Plane of polarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_of_polarization

    This definition was all the more reasonable because it meant that when a ray was polarized by reflection (off an isotopic medium), the plane of polarization was the plane of incidence and reflection — that is, the plane containing the incident ray, the normal to the reflective surface, and the polarized reflected ray.

  5. Pleochroism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleochroism

    Gems are sometimes cut and set either to display pleochroism or to hide it, depending on the colors and their attractiveness. The pleochroic colors are at their maximum when light is polarized parallel with a principal optical vector. The axes are designated X, Y, and Z for direction, and alpha, beta, and gamma in magnitude of the refractive index.

  6. Polarization (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(waves)

    Polarized light with its electric field along the plane of incidence is thus denoted p-polarized, while light whose electric field is normal to the plane of incidence is called s-polarized. P-polarization is commonly referred to as transverse-magnetic (TM), and has also been termed pi-polarized or π-polarized, or tangential plane polarized.

  7. Magneto-optic effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto-optic_effect

    Kerr rotation and Kerr ellipticity are changes in the polarization of incident light which comes in contact with a gyromagnetic material. Kerr rotation is a rotation in the plane of polarization of transmitted light, and Kerr ellipticity is the ratio of the major to minor axis of the ellipse traced out by elliptically polarized light on the plane through which it propagates.

  8. Amphibole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibole

    Photomicrographs of a thin section containing an amphibole crystal; under cross-polarized light on the left, and plane-polarized light on the right. Amphiboles crystallize into two crystal systems, monoclinic and orthorhombic. [4] In chemical composition and general characteristics they are similar to the pyroxenes. The chief differences from ...

  9. Thin section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_section

    In cross-polarized light on left, plane-polarized light on right. In optical mineralogy and petrography, a thin section (or petrographic thin section) is a thin slice of a rock or mineral sample, prepared in a laboratory, for use with a polarizing petrographic microscope, electron microscope and electron microprobe.