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A cinder cone (or scoria cone [1]) is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.
A tuff cone, sometimes called an ash cone, is a small monogenetic volcanic cone produced by phreatic (hydrovolcanic) explosions directly associated with magma brought to the surface through a conduit from a deep-seated magma reservoir. They are characterized by high rims that have a maximum relief of 100–800 meters (330–2,620 ft) above the ...
Scoria cones are particularly prone to cluster into volcanic fields, which are typically 30–80 kilometers (19–50 miles) in diameter and consist of several tens to several hundred individual cones. The unusually large Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt has nearly 1000 cones covering an area of 60,000 square kilometers (23,000 sq mi). [5]
Cinder cone – Steep hill of pyroclastic fragments around a volcanic vent; Complex volcano – Landform of more than one related volcanic centre; Cryptodome – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava; Cryovolcano – Type of volcano that erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia or methane, instead of molten rock
The southernmost part of the chain consists of fumaroles and explosion pits on Mammoth Mountain and a set of cinder cones south of the mountain; the latter are called the Red Cones. Eruptions along the narrow fissure system under the chain began in the west moat of Long Valley Caldera 400,000 to 60,000 years ago. Mammoth Mountain was formed ...
The geological term cinder is synonymous and interchangeable with scoria, though scoria is preferred in scientific literature. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] The word comes from Greek σκωρία, skōria , rust. In earlier terminology, scoria was usually defined with a size range, e.g. 2 to 24 mm (0.079 to 0.945 in) in diameter, but neither color nor ...
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Cinder Cone is a 700 ft (210 m)-high volcanic cone of loose scoria. [5] The youngest mafic volcano in the Lassen volcanic center, [ 6 ] it is surrounded by unvegetated block lava and has concentric craters at its summit, [ 5 ] which have diameters of 1,050 ft (320 m) and 590 ft (180 m). [ 3 ]