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A sine qua non (/ ˌ s aɪ n i k w eɪ ˈ n ɒ n, ˌ s ɪ n i k w ɑː ˈ n oʊ n /, [1] Latin: [ˈsɪnɛ kʷaː ˈnoːn]) or conditio sine qua non (plural: conditiones sine quibus non) is an indispensable and essential action, condition, or ingredient.
Wherever logic is applied, especially in mathematical discussions, it has the same meaning as above: it is an abbreviation for if and only if, indicating that one statement is both necessary and sufficient for the other. This is an example of mathematical jargon (although, as noted above, if is more often used than iff in statements of definition).
The term antonym (and the related antonymy) is commonly taken to be synonymous with opposite, but antonym also has other more restricted meanings. Graded (or gradable) antonyms are word pairs whose meanings are opposite and which lie on a continuous spectrum (hot, cold).
In medicine, comorbidity refers to the simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions in a patient; often co-occurring (that is, concomitant or concurrent) with a primary condition. It originates from the Latin term morbus (meaning "sickness") prefixed with co-("together") and suffixed with -ity (to indicate a state or condition).
Camptocormia comes from two Greek words, meaning "to bend" (κάμπτω, kamptō) and "trunk" (κόρμος, kormos), and was coined by Alexandre-Achille Souques and B. Rosanoff-Saloff. [3] These two men also created the definition of the disease that is widely accepted today. [2]
Anosognosia is a condition in which a person with a disability is cognitively unaware of having it due to an underlying physical condition. Anosognosia results from physiological damage to brain structures, typically to the parietal lobe or a diffuse lesion on the fronto-temporal-parietal area in the right hemisphere, [1] [2] [3] and is thus a neuropsychiatric disorder.
As is" is a phrase used to indicate the existing condition of something without any modifications or improvements. [1] The term is employed in legal, business, and consumer settings to establish that an item or property is being sold or provided in its current condition, [2] [3] with no warranties or guarantees regarding its quality. [4] [5]
The phenomenon was first described by Francis Galton in 1880 in a statistical study about mental imagery. [2] Galton wrote: To my astonishment, I found that the great majority of the men of science to whom I first applied, protested that mental imagery was unknown to them, and they looked on me as fanciful and fantastic in supposing that the words "mental imagery" really expressed what I ...