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Pupil of Socrates. Aristippus of Cyrene (c. 440 – 366 BC). A Cyrenaic. Advocate of ethical hedonism. Xenophon (c. 427 – 355 BC). Historian. Plato (c. 427 – 347 BC). Famed for view of the transcendental forms. Advocated polity governed by philosophers. Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 425 – c 350 BC). Cosmologist. Speusippus (c. 408 – 339 BC ...
The term is considered useful because what came to be known as the "Athenian school" (composed of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle) signaled the rise of a new approach to philosophy; Friedrich Nietzsche's thesis that this shift began with Plato rather than with Socrates (hence his nomenclature of "pre-Platonic philosophy") has not prevented the ...
Plato: 428/427 - 348/347 BC Academic: student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle; famous for the Theory of Forms: Plotinus: c. 204 – 270 Neoplatonic: Plutarch: c. 46 – 120 Middle Platonist: Plutarch of Athens: c. 350 – 430 Neoplatonic: Polemarchus: Polemon of Athens: Stoic: Polemon of Athens (scholarch) before 314 - 270/269 BC Academic ...
Aristotle attributes a different doctrine with respect to Forms to Plato and Socrates. [44] Aristotle suggests that Socrates' idea of forms can be discovered through investigation of the natural world, unlike Plato's Forms that exist beyond and outside the ordinary range of human understanding. [45]
The philosophy of Socrates (469–399 BCE) and Plato (427–347 BCE) built on Presocratic philosophy but also introduced significant changes in focus and methodology. Socrates did not write anything himself, and his influence is largely due to the impact he made on his contemporaries, particularly through his approach to philosophical inquiry .
Although Plato had been Aristotle's teacher, most of Plato's writings were not translated into Latin until over 200 years after Aristotle. [7] In the Middle Ages, the only book of Plato in general circulation was the first part of the dialogue Timaeus (to 53c), as a translation, with commentary, by Calcidius (or Chalcidius). [7]
Plato, through his Academy, emphasized the importance of philosophical education as a means to achieve moral and intellectual excellence. Aristotle, in turn, founded the Lyceum, where he advanced the study of logic, ethics, and natural sciences, laying the groundwork for many disciplines that would later become central to Western education. [8]
The Lyceum had been used for philosophical debate long before Aristotle. Philosophers such as Prodicus of Ceos, Protagoras, and numerous rhapsodes had spoken there. [3] The most famous philosophers to teach there were Isocrates, Plato (of The Academy), and the best-known Athenian teacher, Socrates. [5]