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The ileum (/ ˈ ɪ l i əm /) is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum. [2]
The small intestine supports the body's immune system. [20] The presence of gut flora appears to contribute positively to the host's immune system. Peyer's patches, located within the ileum of the small intestine, are an important part of the digestive tract's local immune system. They are part of the lymphatic system, and provide a site for ...
Intestinal glands are found in the epithelia of the small intestine, namely the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and in the large intestine (colon), where they are sometimes called colonic crypts. Intestinal glands of the small intestine contain a base of replicating stem cells , Paneth cells of the innate immune system , and goblet cells , which ...
The cecum is a pouch marking the division between the small intestine and the large intestine. It lies below the ileocecal valve in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. [33] The cecum receives chyme from the last part of the small intestine, the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. At this junction there is a ...
The solitary lymphatic nodules are found scattered throughout the mucous membrane of the small intestine, but are most numerous in the lower part of the ileum.. Their free surfaces are covered with rudimentary villi, except at the summits, and each gland is surrounded by the openings of the intestinal glands.
Small intestine, pancreas: Inhibits insulin secretion Galanin: Enteric nerves: Ghrelin: Stomach: Stimulates appetite, increases gastric emptying Glucagon-like peptide 1: Pancreas, ileum: Increases insulin secretion Glucagon-like peptide 2: Ileum, colon: Enterocyte-specific growth hormone Growth factors: Throughout the gut: Cell proliferation ...
Meckel's diverticulum is located in the distal ileum, usually within 60–100 cm (2 feet) of the ileocecal valve. This blind segment or small pouch is about 3–6 cm (2 inch) long and may have a greater lumen diameter than that of the ileum. [20] It runs antimesenterically and has its own blood supply.
From this point, down to the middle of the ileum, they diminish considerably in size. In the lower part of the ileum, they almost entirely disappear; [4] hence the comparative thinness of this portion of the intestine, as compared with the duodenum and jejunum. [citation needed]