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Capital punishment in France (French: peine de mort en France) is banned by Article 66-1 of the Constitution of the French Republic, voted as a constitutional amendment by the Congress of the French Parliament on 19 February 2007 and simply stating "No one can be sentenced to the death penalty" (French: Nul ne peut être condamné à la peine de mort).
He succeeded his wife's uncle, André Obrecht, in 1976 and held his position until 1981, when capital punishment was abolished under president François Mitterrand and justice minister Robert Badinter. [2] The method of application of the death penalty for civilian capital offences in France from 1791 to 1981 was beheading with the guillotine.
In his words, "every citizen should know what punishment he should endure." As a consequence, the function of the judge was conceived as being strictly distributive: qualification of an act, infliction of the pre-set sanction. This concept was revolutionary in 1791 and clearly departed from the arbitrary trials of the ancien régime. The Code ...
Capital Punishment was abolished for political crimes in 1852, civil crimes in 1867 and war crimes in 1911. [372] In 1916, capital punishment was reinstated only for military offenses that occurred in a war against a foreign country and in the theater of war. [373] Capital punishment was completely abolished again in 1976. [374] Romania: 1989 ...
The first modern abolition of capital punishment was in Tuscany in 1786. [citation needed] In Europe, the 19th and early 20th centuries saw a shift away from the spectacle of public capital punishment and toward private executions and the deprivation of liberty (e.g. incarceration, probation, community service, etc.). [25]
By continent, all European countries but one have abolished capital punishment; [note 1] many Oceanian countries have abolished it; [note 2] most countries in the Americas have abolished its use, [note 3] while a few actively retain it; [note 4] less than half of countries in Africa retain it; [note 5] and the majority of countries in Asia ...
In 2012, Latvia became the last EU member state to abolish capital punishment in wartime. [1] In Russia, capital punishment has been indefinitely suspended (under moratorium) since 1996. [2] [3] Except for Belarus, which, most recently, carried out one execution in 2022, [4] the last execution in a European country occurred in Ukraine in 1997.
Crime in post-Napoleonic France was seen as an act of high treason, which explains the harsh punishment. In Victor Hugo's 1862 novel Les Misérables, Jean Valjean receives a sentence of five years hard work in the galleys for the small crime of stealing a loaf of bread to feed his sister's children. This points out the injustice of the system.