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Many tempo markings also indicate mood and expression. For example, presto and allegro both indicate a speedy execution (presto being faster), but allegro also connotes joy (from its original meaning in Italian). Presto, on the other hand, simply indicates speed. Additional Italian words also indicate tempo and mood.
allegro Cheerful or brisk; but commonly interpreted as lively, fast all'ottava "at the octave", see ottava alt (Eng.), alt dom, or altered dominant A jazz term which instructs chord-playing musicians such as a jazz pianist or jazz guitarist to perform a dominant (V7) chord with at least one (often both) altered (sharpened or flattened) 5th or 9th
Italian term Literal translation Definition Banda: band: Small music ensemble used as a supplement to the orchestra in an opera Comprimario: with the first: Supporting role Concertino: little concert: Smaller, more virtuosic group of musicians in a concerto grosso: Convenienze: conveniences
The composer and music theorist Johann Kirnberger (1776) formalized and refined this idea by instructing the performer to consider the following details in combination when determining the best performance tempo of a piece: the tempo giusto of the meter, the tempo term (Allegro, Adagio, etc., if there is one, at the start of the piece), the ...
Scherzo: Allegro vivace (5–6 min.) (E ♭ major) Finale : Allegro molto (9–13 min.) (E ♭ major) Depending upon the conductor's style and observation of the exposition repeat in the first movement, the typical performance time is between 45 and 55 minutes.
For example, = This notation is also normally followed by the new tempo in parentheses. Before the modern concept and notation of metric modulations composers used the terms doppio piu mosso and doppio piu lento for double and half-speed, and later markings such as: (Adagio) = (Allegro) indicating double speed, which would now be marked (=). [13]
Movement 1: Vivace (in A major) Movement 2: Largo e dolce (in A minor, ending with a half cadence) Movement 3: Allegro (in A major) Unusually, the second movement is written in the parallel minor (A minor), rather than the relative minor (F-sharp minor) or another closely related key. [1] [failed verification]
Finale: Allegro vivace With the exception of the finale, which is in modified sonata form , each movement follows a rough ABA form . It is believed that Dvořák took up this small orchestral genre because it was less demanding than the symphony, but allowed for the provision of pleasure and entertainment.