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Bond valuation is the process by which an investor arrives at an estimate of the theoretical fair value, or intrinsic worth, of a bond.As with any security or capital investment, the theoretical fair value of a bond is the present value of the stream of cash flows it is expected to generate.
Interest payments are the primary way bonds generate returns for investors.
On a fixed-rate bond, for example, the coupon might be 5 percent, so the bondholder would earn $50 annually for every $1,000 in face value of bonds, a typical cost for a bond.
Using the same example as above, assume the first investment opportunity is a government bond that will pay interest of 5% per year and the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by the government. Alternatively, the second investment opportunity is a bond issued by small company and that bond also pays annual interest of 5%.
For example, if the par value of a bond is $1,000 and the coupon rate is 6%, you multiply $1,000 x .06 to find the coupon payment of $60. Coupon payments are usually made to investors every six ...
To determine the value of a fixed income security, the analyst must estimate the expected cash flows from the investment and the appropriate required yield. The cash flows consist of: periodic interest (known as coupon) payments prior to the maturity date, and; the repayment of the principal at par value upon maturity. [2]
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