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Dog (כֶּלֶב keleḇ) — References to dogs in the Bible are overwhelmingly negative, reflective of the prevalence of domestic dogs as feral scavengers, and thus being regarded as overwhelmingly unclean. However, there are also references to dogs as livestock guardians and guards (Isaiah 56:10).
Dogs were considered unclean in Biblical times as they were commonly scavengers of the dead and they appear in the Bible as repugnant creatures, symbolising evil. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The reference to vomit indicates excessive indulgence and so also symbolises revulsion.
In Christianity within the pages of the Bible, the dog emerges as a symbolic embodiment of impurity, sin, and moral waywardness. Revelation 22:15: “For without [are] dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie.”
Augustine: The dogs are those that assault the truth; the swine we may not unsuitably take for those that despise the truth. Therefore because dogs leap forth to rend in pieces, and what they rend, suffer not to continue whole, He said, Give not that which is holy to the dogs; because they strive to the utmost of their power to destroy the truth.
Saluki dog. According to the majority of Sunni scholars, dogs can be owned by farmers, hunters, and shepherds for the purpose of hunting and guarding and the Qur'an states that it is permissible to eat what trained dogs catch. [32] Among the Bedouin, the saluki dogs are cherished as companions and allowed in the tents.
The Greyhound is the only dog mentioned by name in the Bible (Hebrew: זַרְזִיר מׇתְנַיִם, zarir mosna'im) in Proverbs 30:29–31. [ non-primary source needed ] Many versions, including the Jewish Publication Society and King James Version , name the Greyhound as one of the "three that are stately of stride".
The Greek tradition interpreted this literally, which led to Byzantine icons often depicting St. Christopher with a dog's head. The Latin tradition moved in the opposite direction away from a literal translation of the original Greek term "dog-headed" (kunokephalos). The Latin tradition may have translated the term as "dog-like" (canineus).
Animal sacrifice plays a major role in many sections of the Bible, reflective of the practice's widespread nature in early Judaism. Specific instances include Leviticus 1:2 (NIV): "Speak to the Israelites and say to them: 'When any of you brings an offering to the Lord, bring as your offering an animal from either the herd or the flock.'" [ 10 ...