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Actinomycetoma is a chronic bacterial subcutaneous infection caused by Actinomyces that affect the skin and connective tissue. [1] It is, therefore, a form of actinomycosis . [ 2 ] Mycetoma is a broad term which includes actinomycetoma and eumycetoma under it.
Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disease caused by the gram-positive Actinomyces species. [1] The name refers to ray-like appearance of the organisms in the granules. About 70% of infections are due to either Actinomyces israelii or A. gerencseriae. [1] Infection can also be caused by Streptomyces somaliensis and Propionibacterium ...
Actinomyces is a genus of the Actinomycetia class of bacteria.They all are Gram-positive and facultatively anaerobic, growing best under anaerobic conditions. [2] Actinomyces species may form endospores, and while individual bacteria are rod-shaped, Actinomyces colonies form fungus-like branched networks of hyphae. [3]
Cutaneous actinomycosis is a chronic disease that affects the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. Caused by an anaerobic, Gram-positive, filamentous type of bacteria in the genus Actinomyces, [1]: 270 invasion of the soft tissue leads to the formation of abnormal channels leading to the skin surface (external sinus tracts) that discharge pale yellow sulfur granules.
Actinomycosis is most frequently caused by A. israelii. [4] It is a normal colonizer of the vagina, [5] colon, and mouth. [6] Infection is established first by a breach of the mucosal barrier during various procedures (dental, gastrointestinal), aspiration, or pathologies such as diverticulitis. [7]
Infection is caused as a result of localized skin trauma, such as stepping on a needle or wood splinter, or through a pre-existing wound. [ 10 ] The first visible symptom of mycetoma is a typically painless swelling beneath the skin; over several years, this will grow to a nodule (lump). [ 9 ]
Actinomyces bovis is a branching, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Actinomyces. [1] It is the causative agent of lumpy jaw in cattle, and occasionally causes actinomycosis infections in humans. [ 3 ]
Eumycetoma is a type of mycetoma caused by fungi, distinct from mycetoma caused by bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetes; [11] [12] both have similar clinical features. [ 15 ] The most common fungi causing white discharge is Scedosporium (ex. Pseudoalleschia) boydii .