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Other antimalarials like amodiaquine, halofantrine, and hydroxychloroquine have also been linked to pruritus, albeit less frequently and to a lesser extent. [2] Another class of medications known to occasionally cause itching is known as serotonin reuptake inhibitors. [3] Itching is one of the most frequent adverse effects of opioid therapy. [4]
Although the exact cause of PN is unknown, PN is associated with other dermatologic conditions such as untreated or severe atopic dermatitis and systemic causes of pruritus including liver disease and end stage kidney disease. [2] The goal of treatment in PN is to decrease itching. PN is also known as Hyde prurigo nodularis, or Picker's nodules ...
An itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes a strong desire or reflex to scratch. [1] Itches have resisted many attempts to be classified as any one type of sensory experience. Itches have many similarities to pain , and while both are unpleasant sensory experiences, their behavioral response patterns are different.
Typically, senile pruritus is diagnosed following an exclusion process starting with a complete physical exam. If a person is exhibiting signs and symptoms of senile pruritus, a laboratory exam may not be recommended by a doctor at the initial doctor's visit unless there are other indicators of an underlying disease.
Cholestatic pruritus is the sensation of itch due to nearly any liver disease, but the most commonly associated entities are primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis, carcinoma of the bile duct, cholestasis (also see drug-induced pruritus), and chronic hepatitis C viral infection and other forms of viral hepatitis.
Pruritus can be seen with hepatic and renal disease such as cholestasis, alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis, hepatitis B and C, and chronic kidney disease. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Drug and alcohol use can contribute to pruritus as well so it is worthwhile to gather a social history.
Pruritus ani is the irritation of the skin at the exit of the rectum, known as the anus, causing the desire to scratch. [1] The intensity of anal itching increases from moisture, [2] pressure, and rubbing caused by clothing and sitting. At worst, anal itching causes intolerable discomfort that often is accompanied by burning and soreness.
Xerosis is a contributing factor to pruritus and is present in 50–85% of patients with uremic pruritus. [16] Many studies have shown that emollients such as glycerol and paraffin, [17] physiological lipids, [18] 10% urea and dexpanthenol, [19] and baby oil [20] can reduce xerosis and pruritus in patients with uremic pruritus.