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Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia
Research has found that there is a correlation between advanced paternal age and risk of birth defects such as limb anomalies, syndromes involving multiple systems, and Down syndrome. [ 74 ] [ 35 ] [ 93 ] Recent studies have concluded that 5-9% of Down syndrome cases are due to paternal effects, but these findings are controversial.
The VACTERL association (also VATER association, and less accurately VACTERL syndrome) refers to a recognized group of birth defects which tend to co-occur (see below).This pattern is a recognized association, as opposed to a syndrome, because there is no known pathogenetic cause to explain the grouped incidence.
Congenital cardiac anomalies including pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus can be seen in infants with CRS. Infants should undergo cardiac evaluation soon after birth and those with confirmed cardiac lesions will require specialized care with a pediatric cardiologist for any interventions and follow-up care. [4]
Prenatal testing is a tool that can be used to detect some birth defects at various stages prior to birth. Prenatal testing consists of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis, which are aspects of prenatal care that focus on detecting problems with the pregnancy as early as possible. [2]
EUROCAT is a network of population-based congenital anomaly registries across Europe for the monitoring, surveillance and research of congenital anomalies. It was founded in 1979. As of January 2023, the network has 43 member registries from 23 countries covering more than 25% of European births per year.
Congenital anomaly (birth defect), a disorder present at birth Physical anomaly, a deformation of an anatomical structure Congenital vertebral anomaly, any of several malformations of the spine; Collie eye anomaly, eye disease of dogs; Coronary artery anomaly, a congenital abnormality in the heart; Ebstein's anomaly, a congenital heart defect
Caudal regression syndrome, or sacral agenesis (or hypoplasia of the sacrum), is a rare birth defect. It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1] It occurs at a rate of approximately one per 60,000 live births. [2]