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A megakaryocyte (from mega- 'large' karyo- 'cell nucleus' and -cyte 'cell') is a large bone marrow cell with a lobated nucleus that produces blood platelets (thrombocytes), which are necessary for normal clotting. In humans, megakaryocytes usually account for 1 out of 10,000 bone marrow cells, but can increase in number nearly 10-fold during ...
Compared to megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocytes and granular megakaryocytes are both larger and contain less basophilic cytoplasm with granules. Promegakaryocytes are usually about 15μm to 30μm in diameter with a lobed nucleus and some azurophil granules within moderately basophilic cytoplasm.
Promegakaryocytes and other precursor cells to megakaryocytes arise from pluripotential hematopoietic progenitors, [2] also known as hemocytoblasts. The megakaryoblast is then produced, followed by the promegakaryocyte, the granular megakaryocyte, and then the mature megakaryocyte. [ 3 ]
Comparison of monoblast, promonocyte and monocyte. A typical monoblast is about 12 to 20 μm in diameter, has a nuclear to cytoplasm ratio of 4:1 to 3:1, and, like most myeloid blasts, has a round to oval nucleus with fine chromatin structure. Compared to other myeloid blasts, monoblasts have more cytoplasm. [5]
The overall size of the erythroid precursor cell decreases, increasing the cytoplasmic to nucleus (C:N) ratio. The nuclear diameter decreases and chromatin condenses with the staining reaction progressing from purplish red to dark blue at the final nuclear stage of the orthochromatic erythroblast, prior to nuclear ejection.
The mononuclear phagocyte system is part of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The mononuclear phagocyte system has an important role in defense against microorganisms, including mycobacteria, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Macrophages remove senescent erythrocytes, leukocytes, and megakaryocytes by phagocytosis and digestion.
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume. [1] Cell growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis (production of biomolecules or anabolism) is greater than the overall rate of cellular degradation (the destruction of biomolecules via the proteasome, lysosome or autophagy, or catabolism).
These two pathological processes compromise the normal function of bone marrow resulting in decreased production of blood cells such as erythrocytes (red cells), granulocytes and megakaryocytes, the latter cells responsible for the production of platelets. Signs and symptoms include fever, night sweats, bone pain, fatigue, and abdominal pain.