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The Force in Egypt was a British Army formation established in August 1914 to administer garrisoning armed forces in Egypt at the beginning of the First World War.The force had the objective of protecting the Suez Canal and was originally commanded by Major General Julian Byng, [1] but he was replaced by General John Maxwell, who took command on 8 September 1914. [2]
The Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) was a military formation of the British Empire, formed on 10 March 1916 under the command of General Archibald Murray from the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force and the Force in Egypt (1914–1915), at the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine campaign of the First World War.
The British Army remained in Egypt throughout the First World War and, after the War, remained there to protect the Suez Canal. [1] Following Egypt's independence in 1922, the United Kingdom and Egypt entered into a treaty in 1936 whereby British troops remained to protect the canal and to train the Egyptian Army. [1]
The force initially consisted mostly of British and Egyptian troops, but most of the former were sent to the Western Front in early 1918 to help repel Germany's Spring Offensive. In the meantime, new troops were then dispatched from India, Australia, and New Zealand, in particular who made up a large portion of the army.
After 1837, overland travel from Britain to British India was popularised, with stopovers in Egypt gaining appeal. [3] After 1840, steam ships were used to facilitate travel on both sides of Egypt, and from the 1850s, railways were constructed along the route; the usefulness of this new route was on display during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, with 5,000 British troops having arrived through ...
On 16 March 1917 the War Office gave the EEF permission to raise a new British division from infantry battalions of the Territorial Force arriving in Egypt as reinforcements from India. These were primarily from the 43rd (Wessex) and 45th (2nd Wessex) divisions, which had sailed to India in 1914 to relieve Regular troops. [1]
The Senussi planned to attack the British in Egypt from the west, during the Ottoman offensive through Palestine against the Suez Canal. By late 1915, many of the British forces in Egypt had been sent to Gallipoli and Mesopotamia; western Egypt was garrisoned by the Egyptian coastguard. The Ottomans and Germans delivered modern weaponry by ...
The British Army in Egypt 1801. Warwick: Helion. ISBN 978-1-911628-14-9. François, Capt. Charles (1906). From Valmy to Waterloo. Extracts from the diary of Capt.Charles François, a soldier of the Revolution and the Empire. Vol. VI (facsimile ed.). London: Everett & co. Gloucestershire Museum (2023). "Battle of Alexandria".