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Bourgeois revolution is a term used in Marxist theory to refer to a social revolution that aims to destroy a feudal system or its vestiges, establish the rule of the bourgeoisie, and create a capitalist state. [1] [2] In colonised or subjugated countries, bourgeois revolutions often take the form of a war of national independence.
The Modern French word bourgeois (/ ˈ b ʊər ʒ w ɑː / ⓘ BOORZH-wah or / b ʊər ˈ ʒ w ɑː / ⓘ boorzh-WAH, French: ⓘ) derived from the Old French borgeis or borjois ('town dweller'), which derived from bourg ('market town'), from the Old Frankish burg ('town'); in other European languages, the etymologic derivations include the Middle English burgeis, the Middle Dutch burgher, the ...
The view of the Revolutions of 1848 as a bourgeois revolution is also common in non-Marxist scholarship. [67] [68] [69] Middle-class anxiety [70] and different approaches between bourgeois revolutionaries and radicals led to the failure of revolutions. [71]
Bourgeois socialism or conservative socialism was a term used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in various pieces, including in The Communist Manifesto. Conservative socialism was used as a rebuke by Marx for certain strains of socialism but has also been used by proponents of such a system. [ 1 ]
In other words, the working class must join with bourgeois and democratic forces to bring about the successful conclusion of the bourgeois revolution before stressing the working-class agenda and a working-class revolution. [citation needed]
Aristocratic resistance and rebellions in Scotland and Ireland exacerbated the tensions between King Charles I and Parliament, ultimately leading to the English Civil War in the 1640s. The bourgeois capitalist forces represented by Parliament were able to defeat the incomplete English absolutist project before it could fully develop along the ...
By contrast, continental European states like Germany introduced efficient administrations and educational systems as part of a "second" bourgeois revolution. The result for Britain, wrote Anderson, is that "the triumphs of the past become the bane of the present."
Critique and Crisis is the title of the dissertation by the historian Reinhart Koselleck (1923–2006) from 1954 at the University of Heidelberg.In the 1959 book edition, it was initially subtitled A contribution to the pathogenesis of the bourgeois world, and later A study on the pathogenesis of the bourgeois world.