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Kreber, C. 2002. "Teaching excellence, teaching expertise, and the scholarship of teaching" Innovative Higher Educ. 27:5–23. McKinney, K. 2004. "The scholarship of teaching and learning: Past lessons, current challenges, and future visions." To Improve the Academy 22:3–19. Shulman, L.S. 1999. "Taking learning seriously" Change July/August ...
Nel Noddings worked in many areas of the education system. She spent seventeen years as an elementary and high school mathematics teacher and school administrator, before earning her PhD and beginning work as an academic in the fields of philosophy of education, theory of education and ethics, specifically moral education and ethics of care.
The scholarship of teaching and learning that involves the systematic study of teaching and learning processes. It differs from scholarly teaching in that it requires the work be made public, made available for peer review and critique according to accepted standards, and should be reproducible and extensible by other scholars. [4]
Academic standards are the benchmarks of quality and excellence in education such as the rigour of curricula and the difficulty of examinations. [1] The creation of universal academic standards requires agreement on rubrics, criteria or other systems of coding academic achievement. [ 2 ]
An instructional theory is "a theory that offers explicit guidance on how to better help people learn and develop." [ 1 ] It provides insights about what is likely to happen and why with respect to different kinds of teaching and learning activities while helping indicate approaches for their evaluation. [ 2 ]
As theory of mind and intentions are difficult (if not impossible) to assess in non-humans, teaching was considered uniquely human. [5] However, if teaching is defined by its function, it is then possible to assess its presence among non-human species. Caro and Hauser [6] suggested a functionalist definition. For a behavior to be labeled as ...
Education sciences, [1] also known as education studies, education theory, and traditionally called pedagogy, [2] seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education , educational research , instructional theory , curriculum theory and psychology , philosophy , sociology ...
In order for teaching to become more research-based, he suggested, educational research would require a "radical change" and teachers would have to become more involved in the creation and application of research. [11] Following that lecture, English policy makers in education tried to bring theory and practice closer together.