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Perchlorate concentration was the highest in Chilean nitrate, ranging from 3.3 to 3.98%. [51] Perchlorate in the solid fertilizer ranged from 0.7 to 2.0 mg g −1, variation of less than a factor of 3 and it is estimated that sodium nitrate fertilizers derived from Chilean caliche contain approximately 0.5–2 mg g −1 of perchlorate anion. [74]
Chlorine perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula Cl 2 O 4. This chlorine oxide is an asymmetric oxide, with one chlorine atom in +1 oxidation state and the other +7, with proper formula ClOClO 3. It is produced by the photodimerization of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) at room temperature by 436 nm ultraviolet light: [2] [3] [4] 2ClO 2 ...
Rubidium perchlorate can be obtained through the careful heating of a rubidium chlorate solution, leading to a disproportionation reaction with the release of oxygen gas: [3] 2 RbClO 3 → RbClO 4 + RbCl + O 2. When heated, it decomposes into the chloride and oxygen: [4] RbClO 4 → RbCl + 2 O 2. It has two polymorphs.
Sodium perchlorate is the precursor to ammonium, potassium and lithium perchlorate salts, often taking advantage of their low solubility in water relative to NaClO 4 (209 g/(100 mL) at 25 °C). [ 6 ] It is used for denaturating proteins in biochemistry and in standard DNA extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology .
The chlorate was also measured in rainfall samples with the amount of chlorate similar to perchlorate. It is suspected that chlorate and perchlorate may share a common natural formation mechanism and could be a part of the chlorine biogeochemistry cycle. From a microbial standpoint, the presence of natural chlorate could also explain why there ...
Hydronium perchlorate is produced by the reaction of anhydrous perchloric acid and water in a 1:1 molar ratio: [2]. HClO 4 + H 2 O → [H 3 O] + ClO − 4. A more analytically reliable method was reported using the macrocyclic Schiff base of sodium 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenolate and 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol as a chelating agent to sequester Cu(II): transmetallation of the macrocycle with ...
Barium chlorate – also serves as a green colorant in fireworks; sensitive, better to avoid. Almost non-hygroscopic. Compositions may spontaneously combust in sunlight. Very good green colorant, even in lower-temperature flames. [1] Sodium chlorate – much less stable than perchlorate, hazardous, also serves as yellow colorant, hygroscopic
Potassium perchlorate in crystal form. Potassium perchlorate is prepared industrially by treating an aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate with potassium chloride.This single precipitation reaction exploits the low solubility of KClO 4, which is about 1/100 as much as the solubility of NaClO 4 (209.6 g/100 mL at 25 °C).