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Westron (called Adûni in Westron, or Sôval Phârë meaning "Common Speech" in Westron), is the constructed language that was supposedly the Common Speech used in J. R. R. Tolkien's world of Middle-earth in the Third Age, at the time of The Lord of the Rings. It ostensibly developed from Adûnaic, the ancient language of Númenor.
Tolkien devised Adûnaic (or Númenórean), the language spoken in Númenor, shortly after World War II, and thus at about the time he completed The Lord of the Rings, but before he wrote the linguistic background of the Appendices. Adûnaic is intended as the language from which Westron (also called Adûni) is derived. This added a depth of ...
Relative of numerous notable characters in Tolkien's legendarium through bloodline and kinship. Gandalf: A wizard. A member of the Fellowship of the Ring. Killed in battle in Moria, but returns to play a leading role in the defeat of Sauron. Gil-galad: Last High King of the Noldor, who ruled during the Second Age. Formed the Last Alliance of ...
A pseudotranslation is a text written as if it had been translated from a foreign language. J. R. R. Tolkien made use of pseudotranslation in The Lord of the Rings for two reasons: to help resolve the linguistic puzzle he had accidentally created by using real-world languages within his legendarium, and to lend realism by supporting a found manuscript conceit to frame his story.
The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 by George Allen & Unwin in the UK and by Houghton Mifflin in the US. They collect and analyse much of J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, compiled and edited by his son Christopher Tolkien.
Tolkien impersonates an editor writing factual explanatory notes on a historical text [T 2] Note on three names: Hobbit, Gamgee, and Brandywine: Hobbit is an invention. In the Westron the word used, when this people was referred to at all, was banakil 'halfling'.
Shaun Gunner of The Tolkien Society called the book "an unofficial 13th volume of The History of Middle-earth series". [6]Douglas C. Kane, in the Journal of Tolkien Research, wrote, with reference to Tolkien's phrases in On Fairy-Stories [7] on how to make a "Secondary World", that the book certainly "helps to demonstrate just how much 'labour and thought', 'special skill', and 'a kind of ...
The Atlas of Middle-earth by Karen Wynn Fonstad is an atlas of J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional realm of Middle-earth. [1] [2] It was published in 1981, following Tolkien's major works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion.