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White sponge nevus (WSN) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant [4] condition of the oral mucosa (the mucous membrane lining of the mouth). It is caused by one or more mutations in genes coding for keratin, which causes a defect in the normal process of keratinization of the mucosa.
Leukoplakia is a firmly attached white patch on a mucous membrane which is associated with increased risk of cancer. [4] [5] The edges of the lesion are typically abrupt and the lesion changes with time. [4] [6] Advanced forms may develop red patches. [6] There are generally no other symptoms. [9]
[1]: 533 [3]: 566 Sometimes they may show gross overgrowth and even horn-like structures may develop. [4] Skin malignancy, although rare, is reported from all types of porokeratosis. Squamous cell carcinomas have been reported to develop in Mibelli's type porokeratosis over partianal areas involving anal mucosa. This was the first report ...
Tobacco is the greatest single cause of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Using tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer by 3 to 6 times [20] [9] and is responsible for around 40% of all oral cancers. [21] Smokeless tobacco (including chewing tobacco, snuff, snus) also causes oral cancer. [22] [23] [24] Cigar and pipe smoking are also important risk ...
Alveolar mucosa, the lining between the buccal and labial mucosae. It is a brighter red, smooth, and shiny with many blood vessels, and is not connected to underlying tissue by rete pegs. [6] Buccal mucosa, the inside lining of the cheeks; part of the lining mucosa. Labial mucosa, the inside lining of the lips; part of the lining mucosa. [7]
Early lesions may appear as thin, translucent and granular or wrinkled mucosa. [2] [6] The later lesion may appear thicker, more opaquely white and hyperkeratotic with fissures and folds. [6] [2] Oral snuff causes more pronounced changes in the oral mucosa than tobacco chewing. [1] Snuff dipping is associated more with verrucous keratosis. [1]
Head and neck cancer is a general term encompassing multiple cancers that can develop in the head and neck region. These include cancers of the mouth, tongue, gums and lips ( oral cancer ), voice box ( laryngeal ), throat ( nasopharyngeal , oropharyngeal , [ 1 ] hypopharyngeal ), salivary glands , nose and sinuses .
Due to this, dark pigmentation may be visible on the oral mucosa or skin. [10] Most common oral sites include: buccal mucosa, lips, gums, hard palate or tongue. Intraoral sites are usually seen as the first sign and they usually develop prior to the skin lesions. [11]