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In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point . It is an affine space , which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines .
In mathematics, a plane is a two-dimensional space or flat surface that extends indefinitely. A plane is the two-dimensional analogue of a point (zero dimensions), a line (one dimension) and three-dimensional space. When working exclusively in two-dimensional Euclidean space, the definite article is used, so the Euclidean plane refers to the ...
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines.
Euclidean space is the fundamental space of geometry, intended to represent physical space. Originally, in Euclid's Elements, it was the three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry, but in modern mathematics there are Euclidean spaces of any positive integer dimension n, which are called Euclidean n-spaces when one wants to specify their ...
A Euclidean model of a non-Euclidean geometry is a choice of some objects existing in Euclidean space and some relations between these objects that satisfy all axioms (and therefore, all theorems) of the non-Euclidean geometry. These Euclidean objects and relations "play" the non-Euclidean geometry like contemporary actors playing an ancient ...
The formula for the closest point to the origin may be expressed more succinctly using notation from linear algebra.The expression + + in the definition of a plane is a dot product (,,) (,,), and the expression + + appearing in the solution is the squared norm | (,,) |.
A slab can also be defined as a set of points: [3] {}, where is the normal vector of the planes = and =. Or, if the slab is centered around the origin: [ 4 ] { x ∈ R n ∣ | n ⋅ x | ≤ θ / 2 } , {\displaystyle \{x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}\mid |n\cdot x|\leq \theta /2\},} where θ = | α − β | {\displaystyle \theta =|\alpha -\beta |} is the ...
A method that can be used to construct a polarity of the real projective plane has, as its starting point, a construction of a partial duality in the Euclidean plane. In the Euclidean plane, fix a circle C with center O and radius r. For each point P other than O define an image point Q so that OP ⋅ OQ = r 2.