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  2. Quantities of information - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantities_of_information

    Continued darkness until widely scattered light in the morning." This message contains almost no information. However, a forecast of a snowstorm would certainly contain information since such does not happen every evening. There would be an even greater amount of information in an accurate forecast of snow for a warm location, such as Miami ...

  3. Darik's Boot and Nuke - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darik's_Boot_and_Nuke

    Darik's Boot and Nuke, also known as DBAN / ˈ d iː b æ n /, is a free and open-source project hosted on SourceForge. [2] The program is designed to securely erase a hard disk until its data is permanently removed and no longer recoverable, which is achieved by overwriting the data with pseudorandom numbers generated by Mersenne Twister or ISAAC.

  4. Turing completeness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_completeness

    In computability theory, a system of data-manipulation rules (such as a model of computation, a computer's instruction set, a programming language, or a cellular automaton) is said to be Turing-complete or computationally universal if it can be used to simulate any Turing machine [1] [2] (devised by English mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing).

  5. Procedural generation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_generation

    As in video games, procedural generation is often used in film to create visually interesting and accurate spaces rapidly. This comes in a wide variety of applications. One application is known as an imperfect factory, where artists can rapidly generate many similar objects. This accounts for the fact that, in real life, no two objects are ever ...

  6. List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_arbitrary...

    PHP: The BC Math module provides arbitrary precision mathematics. PicoLisp: supports arbitrary precision integers. Pike: the built-in int type will silently change from machine-native integer to arbitrary precision as soon as the value exceeds the former's capacity. Prolog: ISO standard compatible Prolog systems can check the Prolog flag ...

  7. Mathematical model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_model

    An accurate model will closely match the verification data even though these data were not used to set the model's parameters. This practice is referred to as cross-validation in statistics. Defining a metric to measure distances between observed and predicted data is a useful tool for assessing model fit.

  8. Mathematics of artificial neural networks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_artificial...

    Mathematically, a neuron's network function () is defined as a composition of other functions (), that can further be decomposed into other functions. This can be conveniently represented as a network structure, with arrows depicting the dependencies between functions.

  9. Mathematical notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_notation

    Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise, unambiguous, and accurate way. For example, the physicist Albert Einstein 's formula E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} is the quantitative representation in mathematical notation of mass–energy ...