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Figure 2. Box-plot with whiskers from minimum to maximum Figure 3. Same box-plot with whiskers drawn within the 1.5 IQR value. A boxplot is a standardized way of displaying the dataset based on the five-number summary: the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles.
The IQR is used to build box plots, simple graphical representations of a probability distribution. The IQR is used in businesses as a marker for their income rates. For a symmetric distribution (where the median equals the midhinge, the average of the first and third quartiles), half the IQR equals the median absolute deviation (MAD).
A dispersion fan diagram (left) in comparison with a box plot. A fan chart is made of a group of dispersion fan diagrams, which may be positioned according to two categorising dimensions. A dispersion fan diagram is a circular diagram which reports the same information about a dispersion as a box plot: namely median, quartiles, and two extreme ...
Box plot of the Michelson–Morley experiment, showing several summary statistics. In descriptive statistics, summary statistics are used to summarize a set of observations, in order to communicate the largest amount of information as simply as possible. Statisticians commonly try to describe the observations in
The five-number summary gives information about the location (from the median), spread (from the quartiles) and range (from the sample minimum and maximum) of the observations. Since it reports order statistics (rather than, say, the mean) the five-number summary is appropriate for ordinal measurements, as well as interval and ratio measurements.
The fences are sometimes also referred to as "whiskers" while the entire plot visual is called a "box-and-whisker" plot. When spotting an outlier in the data set by calculating the interquartile ranges and boxplot features, it might be easy to mistakenly view it as evidence that the population is non-normal or that the sample is contaminated.
Analogous to the classical boxplot and considered an expansion of the concepts defining functional boxplot, [2] [3] the descriptive statistics of a contour boxplot are: the envelope of the 50% central region, the median curve and the maximum non-outlying envelope. To construct a contour boxplot, data ordering is the first step.
The median of a normal distribution with mean μ and variance σ 2 is μ. In fact, for a normal distribution, mean = median = mode. The median of a uniform distribution in the interval [a, b] is (a + b) / 2, which is also the mean. The median of a Cauchy distribution with location parameter x 0 and scale parameter y is x 0, the location parameter.