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Atelectasis is the partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absence in gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. [2] It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid.
The most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoking. COPD is a gradually progressive condition and usually only develops after about 20 pack-years of smoking. COPD may also be caused by breathing in other particles and gases. [citation needed] The diagnosis of COPD is established through spirometry although other pulmonary function tests can be ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
The pathophysiology of type 3 respiratory failure often includes lung atelectasis, which is a term used to describe a collapsing of the functional units of the lung that allow for gas exchange. Because atelectasis occurs so commonly in the perioperative period, this form is also called perioperative respiratory failure.
This can lead to parts of the lung having a honeycomb-like appearance. The extrinsic causes result in lung restriction, impaired ventilatory function, and even respiratory failure due to the diseases that effect the lungs ability to create a change in lung volumes during respiration due to the diseases of the systems stated above. [3]
When associated with significant airflow limitation, emphysema is a major subtype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progressive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. [10] [11] Without COPD, the finding of emphysema on a CT lung scan still confers a higher mortality risk in tobacco smokers ...
The disease affects people at different fitness levels, and patients with COPD may have additional illnesses like heart disease, osteoporosis, and anemia that should be considered when crafting an ...
It is rare for a PSP to cause a tension pneumothorax. [12] Secondary spontaneous pneumothoraces (SSPs), by definition, occur in individuals with significant underlying lung disease. Symptoms in SSPs tend to be more severe than in PSPs, as the unaffected lungs are generally unable to replace the loss of function in the affected lungs.