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Fig.1 Schematic diagram of a Stirling cooler. The system has one piston at ambient temperature T a and one piston at low temperature T L. The basic type of Stirling-type cooler is depicted in Fig.1. It consists of (from left to right): a piston; a compression space and heat exchanger (all at ambient temperature T a) a regenerator; a heat exchanger
Figure 1: Schematic drawing of a Stirling-type single-orifice PTR. From left to right: a compressor, a heat exchanger (X 1), a regenerator, a heat exchanger (X 2), a tube (often called the pulse tube), a heat exchanger (X 3), a flow resistance (orifice), and a buffer volume. The cooling is generated at the low temperature T L. Room temperature ...
Inspirit Energy, a UK-based company have a gas fired CHP unit called the Inspirit Charger which is on sale in 2016. The floor standing unit generates 3 kW of electrical and 15 kW of thermal energy. [23] [24] WhisperGen, a New Zealand firm with offices in Christchurch, has developed an "AC Micro Combined Heat and Power" Stirling cycle engine.
The Stirling engine (or Stirling's air engine as it was known at the time) was invented and patented in 1816. [19] It followed earlier attempts at making an air engine but was probably the first put to practical use when, in 1818, an engine built by Stirling was employed pumping water in a quarry . [ 20 ]
Modern dilution refrigerators can precool the 3 He with a cryocooler in place of liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, and a 1 K bath. [5] No external supply of cryogenic liquids is needed in these "dry cryostats" and operation can be highly automated.
The Stirling cycle is a highly advanced subject that has defied analysis by many experts for over 190 years. Highly advanced thermodynamics is required to describe the cycle. Professor Israel Urieli writes: "...the various 'ideal' cycles (such as the Schmidt cycle) are neither physically realizable nor representative of the Stirling cycle".
NASA patented a type of solar-powered Stirling engine on August 3, 1976. It used solar energy to pump water from a river, lake, or stream. [1] The purpose of this apparatus is to “provide a low-cost, low-technology pump having particular utility in irrigation systems employed in underdeveloped arid regions of the earth…[using] the basic principles of the Stirling heat engine“.
Cryopumps are commonly cooled by compressed helium, though they may also use dry ice, liquid nitrogen, or stand-alone versions may include a built-in cryocooler.Baffles are often attached to the cold head to expand the surface area available for condensation, but these also increase the radiative heat uptake of the cryopump.