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In light of recent evidence, olanzapine (Zyprexa) has been FDA approved as an effective monotherapy for the maintenance of bipolar disorder. [22] A head-to-head randomized control trial in 2005 has also shown olanzapine monotherapy to be just as effective and safe as lithium in prophylaxis. [23]
Lamotrigine is approved in the US for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. [24] While the anticonvulsants carbamazepine and valproate are predominantly antimanics , lamotrigine has demonstrated efficacy only in preventing or reducing the risk of recurrent depressive episodes of bipolar disorder.
Lithium is the only medication approved by the FDA for treating mania in children. In the 1920s, Kraepelin noted that manic episodes are rare before puberty. [124] In general, bipolar disorder in children was not recognized in the first half of the twentieth century.
Lithium is the "classic" mood stabilizer, the first to be approved by the US FDA, and still popular in treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is required to ensure lithium levels remain in the therapeutic range: 0.6 to 0.8 or 0.8–1.2 mEq/L (or millimolar). Signs and symptoms of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and ataxia. [3]
In 1970, lithium was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of bipolar disorder, which remains its primary use in the US. [ 5 ] [ 17 ] It is sometimes used when other treatments are not effective in a number of other conditions, including major depression , [ 18 ] schizophrenia , disorders of impulse ...
Lumateperone was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2019 with an initial indication for schizophrenia, [4] [5] and became available in February 2020. [2] It has since demonstrated efficacy in bipolar depression and received FDA approval in December 2021 for depressive episodes associated with both bipolar I and II disorders.
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