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System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the core network architecture of mobile communications protocol group 3GPP's LTE wireless communication standard.. SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, but with a simplified architecture; an all-IP Network (AIPN); support for higher throughput and lower latency radio access networks (RANs); and support for, and mobility between, multiple ...
5.3.1.1.1 [4] 3_LOGICAL DTCH: dedicated traffic channel A point-to-point dedicated channel for transmitting user traffic information between a UE and the network. UL/DL 5.3.1.1.1 [4] 3_LOGICAL PCCH: paging control channel Transfers paging information. Used when the network does not know the location cell of the UE or the UE is in sleep mode. DL ...
In 1999 ITU approved five radio interfaces for IMT-2000 as a part of the ITU-R M.1457 Recommendation. [4] The five standards are: [5] IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread. also known as W-CDMA, used in UMTS, the successor to GSM; IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier. also known as CDMA2000, the successor to 2G CDMA ; IMT-2000 CDMA TDD. also known as TD-SCDMA
UTRAN architecture UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network ( UTRAN ) is a collective term for the network and equipment that connects mobile handsets to the public telephone network or the Internet. It contains the base stations, which are called Node B 's and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) [ 1 ] which make up the Universal Mobile ...
An example of 4 mutually orthogonal digital signals. Start with a set of vectors that are mutually orthogonal. (Although mutual orthogonality is the only condition, these vectors are usually constructed for ease of decoding, for example columns or rows from Walsh matrices.) An example of orthogonal functions is shown in the adjacent picture.
In 3G, the most prevalent technology was UMTS with CDMA-2000 in close contention. All radio access technologies have to solve the same problems: to divide the finite RF spectrum among multiple users as efficiently as possible. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA for user and cell separation. UMTS, IS-95 and CDMA-2000 use CDMA. WiMAX and LTE use OFDM.
It should not be confused with 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), which developed a competing 3G system, CDMA2000. [ 4 ] The 3GPP administrative support team (known as the "Mobile Competence Centre") is located at the European Telecommunications Standards Institute headquarters in the Sophia Antipolis technology park in France.
An especially notable development during this time is the smartphone (for example, the iPhone, and the Android family), combining the abilities of a PDA with a mobile phone, leading to widespread demand for mobile internet connectivity. 3G has also introduced the term "mobile broadband" because its speed and capability made it a viable ...