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Having a speech disorder can have negative social effects, especially among young children. Those with a speech disorder can be targets of bullying because of their disorder. This bullying can result in decreased self-esteem. [20] Religion and culture also play a large role in the social effects of speech disorders.
Many have language disorders and motor speech disorders including dysarthria and apraxia. [1] Half of affected individuals have at least one psychiatric or behavioral diagnosis. Approximately 30% of individuals are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Although disorders such as expressive aphasia, conduction aphasia, and dysarthria involve similar symptoms as apraxia of speech, the disorders must be distinguished in order to correctly treat the patients. [citation needed] While AOS involves the motor planning or processing stage of speech, aphasic disorders can involve other language processes.
The difference between this diagnosis and autism spectrum disorder is that in the latter there is also a restricted or repetitive pattern of behavior. [13] Unspecified communication disorder – for those who have symptoms of a communication disorder but who do not meet all criteria, and whose symptoms cause distress or impairment. [13]
Dysarthria is a speech sound disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system [1] and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes. [2] It is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words.
Informal assessments, which aid in the diagnosis of patients with suspected aphasia, include: [28] Conversational speech and language sample [28] Family interview [28] Case history or medical chart review [28] Behavioral observations [28] Diagnostic information should be scored and analyzed appropriately.
Developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD), also known as childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and developmental apraxia of speech (DAS), [1] is a condition in which an individual has problems saying sounds, syllables and words. This is not because of muscle weakness or paralysis.
Differential diagnosis between selective mutism and language delay associated with autism or other disorders is needed to determine appropriate treatment. Adults who previously had speech and subsequently ceased talking may not speak for psychological or emotional reasons, though this is rare as a cause for adults. [ 16 ]