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The copy of the Quran is traditionally considered to be one of a group commissioned by the third caliph Uthman. According to Islamic tradition, in 651, 19 years after the death of the Islamic Prophet, Muhammad, Uthman commissioned a committee to produce a standard copy of the text of the Quran (see Origin and development of the Quran). [3]
The Samarkand Kufic Quran, preserved at Tashkent, is a Kufic manuscript, in Uzbek tradition identified as one of Uthman's manuscripts, but dated to the 8th or 9th century by both paleographic studies and carbon-dating of the parchment, [43] [44] which showed a 95.4% probability of a date between 795 and 855. [44]
Historians have suggested two ways in which the Quran arrived in Samarkand. That the Quran arrived in Samarkand during the rule of the Golden Horde (621 AH-907 AH) and that it was a gift from the Mamluk Sultan Rukn al-Din Baybars, who had married the daughter of Berke Khan, the Khan of the Golden Horde.
1828, Urdu, Muzihul-al-Quran by Shah Abdul Qadir Dehlvi, first Urdu translation of Quran [18] 1834, Gustav Leberecht Flügel's text formed the foundation of modern Qur'an research and the basis for several new translations into European languages. [19] 1858, Polish, Quran (al Quran) by Jan Murza Tarak Buczacki.
Kufic is defined as a highly angular form of the Arabic alphabet originally used in early copies of the Quran. Sheila S. Blair suggests that "the name Kufic was introduced to Western scholarship by Jacob George Christian Adler (1756–1834)". [5] Furthermore, the Kufic script plays an important role in the development of Islamic calligraphy.
In addition to the buildings, the Hazrati Imam complex has a library of oriental manuscripts and the Caliph Usman Quran or the Samarkand Kufic Quran. The Quran has 353 parchment sheets. The Qur'ān was first kept in Medina, then in Damascus and Baghdad. The Quran was brought from Baghdad to Samarkand by Amir Temur in the 14th century. [6]
For example, sources based on some archaeological data give the construction date of Masjid al-Haram, an architectural work mentioned 16 times in the Quran, as 78 AH [13] an additional finding that sheds light on the evolutionary history of the Quranic texts mentioned, [12] which is known to continue even during the time of Hajjaj, [14] [15] in ...
The Topkapı manuscript or Topkapı Quran (Also known as Topkapı Qurʾān Manuscript H.S. 32 or Topkapı H.S. 32) [1] is an early manuscript of the Quran dated to the middle 2nd century AH (mid 8th century AD). [2] This manuscript is kept in the Topkapi Palace Museum, Istanbul, Turkey. It is traditionally attributed to Uthman ibn Affan (d. 656 ...