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2. Ultrasonic testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_testing

   The first efforts to use ultrasonic testing to detect flaws in solid material occurred in the 1930s. [1] On May 27, 1940, U.S. researcher Dr. Floyd Firestone of the University of Michigan applies for a U.S. invention patent for the first practical ultrasonic testing method.

3. Time-of-flight diffraction ultrasonics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-flight_diffraction...

   Time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) method of ultrasonic testing is a sensitive and accurate method for the nondestructive testing of welds for defects. TOFD originated from tip diffraction techniques which were first published by Silk and Liddington [1] in 1975 which paved the way for TOFD. Later works on this technique are given in a number of ...

4. Phased array ultrasonics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phased_array_ultrasonics

   Phased array ultrasonics (PA) is an advanced method of ultrasonic testing that has applications in medical imaging and industrial nondestructive testing. Common applications are to noninvasively examine the heart or to find flaws in manufactured materials such as welds .

5. Guided wave testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_wave_testing

   The frequency used in the inspection depends on the thickness of the structure, but guided wave testing typically uses ultrasonic frequencies in the range of 10 kHz to several MHz. Higher frequencies can be used in some cases, but detection range is significantly reduced.

6. Nondestructive testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondestructive_testing

   Welds may be tested using NDT techniques such as industrial radiography or industrial CT scanning using X-rays or gamma rays, ultrasonic testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection or via eddy current. In a proper weld, these tests would indicate a lack of cracks in the radiograph, show clear passage of sound through the ...

7. Internal rotary inspection system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_rotary_inspection...

   Internal rotary inspection system (IRIS) is an ultrasonic method for the nondestructive testing of pipes and tubes. The IRIS probe is inserted into a tube that is flooded with water, and the probe is pulled out slowly as the data is displayed and recorded. The ultrasonic beam allows detection of metal loss from the inside and outside of the ...