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Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. [1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to ...
An example of an activity of the intensity and duration that this system works under would be a 400 m sprint. Aerobic system – This is the long-duration energy system. After five minutes of exercise, the O 2 system is dominant. In a 1 km run, this system is already providing approximately half the energy; in a marathon run it provides 98% or ...
Biological thermodynamics (Thermodynamics of biological systems) is a science that explains the nature and general laws of thermodynamic processes occurring in living organisms as nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems that convert the energy of the Sun and food into other types of energy. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic state of living ...
In biology, energy is an attribute of all biological systems, ... For example, conversion of energy from one type of potential field to another is reversible, as in ...
The energy derived from the pumping of protons across a cell membrane is frequently used as the energy source in secondary active transport. In humans, sodium (Na + ) is a commonly cotransported ion across the plasma membrane, whose electrochemical gradient is then used to power the active transport of a second ion or molecule against its ...
Energy in a system can be affected by animal emigration/immigration. The movements of organisms are significant in terrestrial ecosystems. [17] Energetic consumption by herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems has a low range of ~3-7%. [17] The flow of energy is similar in many terrestrial environments.
Biology is the scientific study of life. [1] [2] [3] ... [34] For example, ... Energy from the sun enters the system through photosynthesis and is incorporated into ...
The energy obtained from inorganic oxidation varies depending on the substrate and the reaction. For example, the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur by ½O 2 produces far less energy (50 kcal/mol or 210 kJ/mol) than the oxidation of elemental sulfur to sulfate (150 kcal/mol or 627 kJ/mol) by 3/2 O 2,. [10]