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DXA scans assume a constant relationship between the amounts of lean soft tissue and adipose tissue. This assumption leads to measurement errors, with an impact on accuracy as well as precision. To reduce soft-tissue errors in DXA, DXL technology was developed in the late 1990s by a team of Swedish researchers led by Prof. Ragnar Kullenberg.
The DXA scan is typically used to diagnose and follow osteoporosis, as contrasted to the nuclear bone scan, which is sensitive to certain metabolic diseases of bones in which bones are trying to heal from infections, fractures, or tumors. It is also sometimes used to assess body composition.
A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) is a non-ionizing technology for osteoporosis diagnosis and for fracture risk assessment. REMS processes the raw, unfiltered ultrasound signals acquired during an echographic scan of the axial sites, femur and spine. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain.
Er:YAG laser rod. An Er:YAG laser (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser, erbium YAG laser) is a solid-state laser whose active laser medium is erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:Y 3 Al 5 O 12). Er:YAG lasers typically emit light with a wavelength of 2940 nm, which is infrared light. [1]
A bone scan or bone scintigraphy / s ɪ n ˈ t ɪ ɡ r ə f i / is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used to help diagnose and assess different bone diseases. These include cancer of the bone or metastasis , location of bone inflammation and fractures (that may not be visible in traditional X-ray images ), and bone infection (osteomyelitis).
The calculation of Ki using arterial input function, time-activity curve, and Hawkins model was limited to a small skeletal region covered by the narrow field-of-view of the PET scanner while acquiring a dynamic scan. However, Siddique et al. [53] showed in 2012 that it is possible to measure K i values in bones using static [18 F]NaF PET
An Er:glass laser (erbium-doped glass laser) is a solid-state laser whose active laser medium is erbium-doped glass. Ytterbium (Yb) is sometimes added to these lasers to improve their efficiency. Er:glass lasers emit light in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, often in the range of 1530–1560 nanometers .