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Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na 3 P O 4. It is a white, granular or crystalline solid, highly soluble in water, producing an alkaline solution. TSP is used as a cleaning agent , builder , lubricant , food additive , stain remover , and degreaser .
[citation needed] Their formula included equal parts of ground-up glue, sodium carbonate, and trisodium phosphate; though trisodium phosphate is no longer part of the modern formula out of a concern for environmental damage from phosphates making their way into waterways.
A sodium phosphate is a generic variety of salts of sodium (Na +) and phosphate (PO 3− 4). Phosphate also forms families or condensed anions including di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyphosphates . Most of these salts are known in both anhydrous (water-free) and hydrated forms.
Sodium tripolyphosphate is produced by heating a stoichiometric mixture of disodium phosphate, Na 2 HPO 4, and monosodium phosphate, NaH 2 PO 4, under carefully controlled conditions. [2] 2 Na 2 HPO 4 + NaH 2 PO 4 → Na 5 P 3 O 10 + 2 H 2 O. In this way, approximately 2 million tons are produced annually. [3]
The exact phosphate content of the phosphate rock mined in 2015 is not available, but in the latest five-year period for which ore grades are available, 2009-2013, the grade of US phosphate rock varied from 28.5 to 29.0 percent P 2 O 5. As of 2016, remaining reserves of phosphate rock in the United States totaled 1.1 billion metric tons. [1]
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
In 1977 the United States Environmental Protection Agency published a position paper advocating for a phosphate ban in detergents. States including Maine, Florida, and Indiana in the United States began restricting or banning the use of phosphates in laundry detergent in the early 1970s, culminating in a nationwide voluntary ban in 1994. [ 3 ]
Sodium hexametaphosphate is the alkali salt of one of the series of polymetaphosphoric acids (acids formed by the polymerization of phosphate groups). [14] Hexametaphosphoric acid was first made in 1825 by the German chemist Johann Frederich Philipp Engelhart (1797-1853). [15]