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19th-century French art was made in France or by French citizens during the following political regimes: Napoleon's Consulate (1799–1804) and Empire (1804–14), the Restoration (1814–30), the July Monarchy (1830–48), the Second Republic (1848–52), the Second Empire (1852–71), and the first decades of the Third Republic (1871–1940).
In the middle of the 19th century—a time of rapid industrialization and unsettling social change in France, as Emperor Napoleon III rebuilt Paris and waged war—the Académie des Beaux-Arts dominated French art. [6] The Académie was the preserver of traditional French painting standards of content and style.
The following is a chronological list of artistic movements or periods in France indicating artists who are sometimes associated or grouped with those movements. See also European art history, Art history and History of Painting and Art movement.
Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the early 19th century. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and the exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement. Instead, it sought to portray real and typical contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy.
The French Impressionism movement of the 19th century was influential on the development of Colourist painting and other similar movements such as Fauvism and Expressionism. Impressionists like Claude Monet were known for their use of colour to represent shadow and light, something that later movements would incorporate into their own styles.
French art consists of the visual and plastic arts (including French architecture, woodwork, textiles, and ceramics) originating from the geographical area of France.Modern France was the main centre for the European art of the Upper Paleolithic, [citation needed] then left many megalithic monuments, and in the Iron Age many of the most impressive finds of early Celtic art.