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A gun barrel is a crucial part of gun-type weapons such as small firearms, artillery pieces, and air guns. It is the straight shooting tube, usually made of rigid high-strength metal , through which a contained rapid expansion of high-pressure gas(es) is used to propel a projectile out of the front end ( muzzle ) at a high velocity.
Rifling of a 105 mm Royal Ordnance L7 tank gun Conventional rifling of a 90 mm M75 cannon (production year 1891, Austria-Hungary) Rifling in a GAU-8 autocannon. Rifling is the term for helical grooves machined into the internal surface of a firearms's barrel for imparting a spin to a projectile to improve its aerodynamic stability and accuracy.
The barrel and mandrel are rotated and hammered by power hammers, which forms the inside of the barrel. This is the fastest and often cheapest method of making a barrel, but the equipment is expensive. Hammer-forged barrels are generally not capable of the accuracy attainable with the first two methods mentioned.
By examining unique striations impressed into a bullet from the barrel of a gun, expended ammunition can be linked back to a specific weapon. [1] These striations are due to the rifling inside the barrels of firearms. Rifling spins the bullet when it is fired out of the barrel to improve precision. [2]
For shotguns with fixed chokes integral to the barrel, it is sometimes still possible to change the choke to a tighter choke. This is done by increasing the diameter of the bore inside the barrel for a short length of barrel, while the portion of the barrel and bore nearest the muzzle is left as it was.
The effective length of the barrel (from breech to muzzle) is divided by the barrel diameter to give a dimensionless quantity. [2]: 81 For example, the main guns of the Iowa-class battleships can be referred to as 16"/50 caliber. They are 16 inches in diameter and the barrel is 800 inches long (16 × 50 = 800).
Within firearms, chamber pressure is the pressure exerted by a cartridge case's outside walls on the inside of a firearm's chamber when the cartridge is fired. The SI unit for chamber pressure is the megapascal (MPa), while the American SAAMI uses the pound per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in 2) and the European CIP uses bar (1 bar is equal to 0.1 MPa).
A barrel chamber with pressure relief ports that allows gas to leak around the cartridge during extraction. Basically, the opposite of a fluted chamber, as it is intended for the cartridge to stick to the chamber wall making a slight delay of extraction. This requires a welded-on sleeve with an annular groove to contain the pressure. [8]