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The term "interstitial cystitis" was coined by Dr. Alexander Skene in 1887 to describe the disease. [13] In 2002, the United States amended the Social Security Act to include interstitial cystitis as a disability. The first guideline for diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis is released by a Japanese research team in 2009. [71]
In interstitial cystitis, pentosan polysulfate is believed to work by providing a protective coating to the damaged bladder wall. Pentosan polysulfate is similar in structure to the natural glycosaminoglycan coating of the inner lining of the bladder , and may replace or repair the lining, reducing its permeability .
Patients with interstitial cystitis may find relief by modifying their diet to remove foods and beverages that trigger symptoms: caffeinated beverages, particularly coffee (regular and decaf), tea, green tea, soda, artificial sugars and fruit juices. Cranberry juice may also trigger intense pain and discomfort.
Common causes in include: endometriosis in women, bowel adhesions, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis. [5] [6] The cause may also be a number of poorly understood conditions that may represent abnormal psychoneuromuscular function. The role of the nervous system in the genesis and moderation of pain is explored. [7]
They are more common in women than men, but similar between anatomies while carrying indwelling catheters. [7] [18] In women, they are the most common form of bacterial infection. [19] Up to 10% of women have a urinary tract infection in a given year, and half of women have at least one infection at some point in their lifetime.
Phenazopyridine is a medication which, when excreted by the kidneys into the urine, has a local analgesic effect on the urinary tract.It is often used to help with the pain, irritation, or urgency caused by urinary tract infections, surgery, or injury to the urinary tract.