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High performance engines, for example, place higher stress on the lubricating system. In this case, the lubricating system must be especially robust to prevent engine damage. [ 2 ] Most engines in cars on the road today don't run much past 5,000–6,000 rpm, but that isn't always the case in performance engines, where engine speeds could reach ...
These allow higher engine speeds (RPMs) and higher loads, and were initially confined to high-performance and racing engines due to the considerable extra expense. Roller rockers can also be used in overhead cam engines (OHC). However, these generally have the roller at the point where the cam lobe contacts the rocker, rather than at the point ...
The timing (phase angle) of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft can be adjusted to shift an engine's power band to a different RPM range. Advancing the camshaft (shifting it to ahead of the crankshaft timing) increases low RPM torque, while retarding the camshaft (shifting it to after the crankshaft) increases high RPM power. [22]
The 1966 Pontiac OHC Six engine was the first US mass-produced vehicle to use a timing belt, [21] [22] while the 1966 Fiat Twin Cam engine was the first mass-produced engine to use a timing belt with twin camshafts. Carmakers began to adopt timing belts in the 1970s and compared to timing chains are less expensive, smaller, lighter, quieter ...
The general idea being to improve the high RPM performance without the associated problems of a long-duration racing cam which are lack of lower RPM power, rough idle, etc. Engines typically need a roughly linear increase in duration as the RPM rises. The aim is to maximise the torque at every point in the allowable RPM range.
Toyota commissioned Yamaha to design the 2ZZ-GE, based on Toyota's ZZ block, for high-RPM operation and producing a power peak near the top of the RPM range. The high-pressure die-cast aluminum alloy engine block of the 2ZZ-GE featured cylinder walls with Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) , which is a reinforcement material composed of ceramic parts ...