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The lyrics were written by Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegal's first president, while the music is composed by Frenchman Herbert Pepper, [1] who also composed the national anthem of the Central African Republic, "La Renaissance". The kora (a type of harp) and balafon (wooden xylophone) are traditional Senegalese musical instruments.
Léopold Sédar Senghor (/ s ɒ ŋ ˈ ɡ ɔːr / song-GOR, French: [leɔpɔl sedaʁ sɑ̃ɡɔʁ]; 9 October 1906 – 20 December 2001) was a Senegalese politician, cultural theorist and poet who served as the first president of Senegal from 1960 to 1980. Ideologically an African socialist, Senghor was one of the major theoreticians of Négritude.
The president of Senegal (French: Président du Sénégal) is the head of state of Senegal. In accordance with the constitutional reform of 2001 and since a referendum that took place on 20 March 2016 , the president is elected for a 5-year term, with a limit of two consecutive terms.
The national anthem of Senegal, "Pincez tous vos koras, frappez les balafons" ("Pluck all your koras, strike the balafons"), was adopted in 1960. Its lyrics, by president Senghor, refer to Senegalese music tradition, while its music was composed by Herbert Pepper .
1960: 10 June 1968: Socialist Party of Senegal: 2 Amadou Cissé Dia: 1968: 1983: Socialist Party of Senegal: 3 Habib Thiam: 1983: 1984: Socialist Party of Senegal: 4 Daouda Sow: 12 April 1984: 9 December 1988: Socialist Party of Senegal: 5 Abdoul Aziz Ndaw: 1988: 1993: Socialist Party of Senegal: 6 Cheikh Abdoul Khadre Cissokho: 1993: 2001 ...
Faye was elected president after an election campaign that was marred by an attempt by the government to postpone the election, which was ultimately held on 24 March. Faye received over 54% of the vote, [25] making him the first opposition candidate to have won an election in the first round since Senegal's independence in 1960. [26]
The UPS became the ruling party of Senegal in 1960 once independence was gained. The UPS officially was known as the Socialist Party of Senegal starting in 1976. [6] When Senegal gained independence in 1960, Senghor was unanimously elected president to Senegal's new republic system. [6] He was elected president on 5 September 1960. [7]
Senegal's population from 1960 to 2017 (in millions) Senegal has a population of around 18 million, about 42 percent of whom live in rural areas. Density in these areas varies from about 77 inhabitants per square kilometre (200/sq mi) in the west-central region to 2 per square kilometre (5.2/sq mi) in the arid eastern section.