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  2. International Celestial Reference System and its realizations

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Celestial...

    A reference frame has been defined as "a catalogue of the adopted coordinates of a set of reference objects that serves to define, or realize, a particular coordinate frame". [7] A reference system is a broader concept, encompassing "the totality of procedures, models and constants that are required for the use of one or more reference frames".

  3. Golubac Fortress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golubac_Fortress

    [6] [7] In front of the fortress, the forward wall (I) doubled as the outer wall of the moat, [7] which connected to the Danube and was likely filled with water. A settlement for common people was situated in front of the wall. [6] As is the case with many fortresses, Golubac's structure was modified over time. For years, there were only five ...

  4. Equinox (celestial coordinates) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Equinox_(celestial_coordinates)

    In contrast to the common usage of spring/vernal and autumnal equinoxes, the celestial coordinate system equinox is a direction in space rather than a moment in time. In a cycle of about 25,800 years, the equinox moves westward with respect to the celestial sphere because of perturbing forces ; therefore, in order to define a coordinate system ...

  5. Zenith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith

    In astronomy, the altitude in the horizontal coordinate system and the zenith angle are complementary angles, with the horizon perpendicular to the zenith. The astronomical meridian is also determined by the zenith, and is defined as a circle on the celestial sphere that passes through the zenith, nadir, and the celestial poles .

  6. Minkowski space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski_space

    Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) found that the theory of special relativity could be best understood as a four-dimensional space, since known as the Minkowski spacetime.. In physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) (/ m ɪ ŋ ˈ k ɔː f s k i,-ˈ k ɒ f-/ [1]) is the main mathematical description of spacetime in the absence of gravitation.

  7. Kasbah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbah

    Kasbah of Sfax in Tunisia. A kasbah (/ ˈ k æ z b ɑː /, also US: / ˈ k ɑː z-/; Arabic: قصبة, romanized: qaṣaba, lit. 'fortress', Arabic pronunciation:, Maghrebi Arabic:), also spelled qasbah, qasba, qasaba, or casbah, is a fortress, most commonly the citadel or fortified quarter of a city.

  8. Al-Rahba - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rahba

    Throughout Islamic history, al-Rahba was considered, in the words of the 14th-century traveler Ibn Batuta, "the end of Iraq and the beginning of al-Sham [Syria]". [1] The fortress is located about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) southwest of the Euphrates River, 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) southwest of the modern Syrian city of Mayadin, [1] [2] [3] and 42 kilometers (26 mi) southeast of Dayr az-Zawr, capital ...

  9. Andromeda Galaxy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy

    The Andromeda Galaxy is a barred spiral galaxy and is the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way.It was originally named the Andromeda Nebula and is cataloged as Messier 31, M31, and NGC 224.