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Lead(IV) acetate or lead tetraacetate is an metalorganic compound with chemical formula Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2) 4. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in nonpolar, organic solvents, indicating that it is not a salt. It is degraded by moisture and is typically stored with additional acetic acid. The compound is used in organic synthesis. [2]
The Criegee oxidation is a glycol cleavage reaction in which vicinal diols are oxidized to form ketones and aldehydes using lead tetraacetate. It is analogous to the use of periodate (Malaprade reaction) but uses a milder oxidant. This oxidation was discovered by Rudolf Criegee and coworkers and first reported in 1931 using ethylene glycol as ...
Stages in the oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids via aldehydes and aldehyde hydrates. Almost all industrial scale oxidations use oxygen or air as the oxidant. [2] Through a variety of mechanisms, the removal of a hydride equivalent converts a primary or secondary alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone, respectively.
The reason is that with inorganic lead compounds elements such as nitrogen, oxygen and the halides have a much higher electronegativity than lead itself and the partial positive charge on lead then leads to a stronger contraction of the 6s orbital than the 6p orbital making the 6s orbital inert; this is called the inert-pair effect.
The unusual alkyl nitrite starting material of the Barton reaction is prepared by attack of an alcohol on a nitrosylium cation generated in situ by dehydration of doubly protonated nitrous acid. [6] This series of steps is mechanistically identical to the first half of the mechanism formation of the more well-known aryl and alkyl diazonium salts.
Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation. The carbon–carbon bond in a vicinal diol (glycol) is cleaved and instead the two oxygen atoms become double-bonded to their respective carbon atoms. Depending on the substitution pattern in the diol, these carbonyls will be ketones and/or aldehydes. [1]
The Kharasch–Sosnovsky reaction is a method that involves using a copper or cobalt salt as a catalyst to oxidize olefins at the allylic position, subsequently condensing a peroxy ester (e.g. tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate) or a peroxide resulting in the formation of allylic benzoates or alcohols via radical oxidation. [1]
These trace amounts of alcohol range from 0.1 to 0.3 μg/mL in the blood of healthy humans, with some measurements as high as 1.6 μg/mL (0.002 g/L). [ 76 ] Auto-brewery syndrome is a condition characterized by significant fermentation of ingested carbohydrates within the body.