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Salmon (/ ˈ s æ m ən /; pl.: salmon) is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus of the family Salmonidae, native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (Salmo) and North Pacific (Oncorhynchus) basins.
The species' wide range has led to a wide array of local common names, with the most common English name being rainbow runner in reference to its colouring. Other names frequently applied include rainbow yellowtail, [4] Hawaiian salmon, salmon (incorrectly), Spanish jack, salmon del alto (Cuba), and over 20 other names in various languages. [2]
Common names of fish can refer to a single species; to an entire group of species, such as a genus or family; or to multiple unrelated species or groups. Ambiguous common names are accompanied by their possible meanings. Scientific names for individual species and higher taxa are included in parentheses.
Salmonidae (/ s æ l ˈ m ɒ n ɪ d iː /, lit. ' salmon-like ') is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes (/ s æ l ˈ m ɒ n ɪ f ɔːr m iː z /, lit. "salmon-shaped"), consisting of 11 extant genera and over 200 species collectively known as "salmonids" or "salmonoids".
The common name derives from Shoshone tcaxxwal or Cahuilla čaxwal, via Spanish [66] Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon: Lower Chinook: The common name derives from tzum ("spotted") via Chinook Jargon. [citation needed] Cisco (Coregonus artedi and several other species) salmon: Ojibwe: From siscowet ("cooks itself"), via French. [citation ...
This category contains articles related to the fishes of family Salmonidae (Salmoniformes) commonly called salmon, both articles on taxa and those on related subjects.. For fish within the family Arripidae in the order Perciformes which are also known as Salmon see Category:Arripidae
The name Salmo derives from the Latin salmō, meaning salmon. The vast majority of the Salmo species are actually trout, except the Atlantic salmon, which along with six Pacific species from the genus Oncorhynchus (also from the subfamily Salmoninae, but of a different tribe) constitute the only seven officially recognized species of salmon.
The Atlantic salmon was given its scientific binomial name by Swedish zoologist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.The name, Salmo salar, derives from the Latin salmo, meaning salmon, and salar, meaning leaper, according to M. Barton, [4] but more likely meaning "resident of salt water" [citation needed].